Trade Unions’ Voice in Shaping the National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights

As Ethiopia develops its National Action Plan (NAP) on Business and Human Rights, ensuring that workers’ perspectives are reflected in the process is a key priority. To support this effort, FES Ethiopia in partnership with the Ministry of Justice and the Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions (CETU), held a two-day national consultation bringing together trade‑union representatives from across the country.

Guided by the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, discussions focused on identifying key gaps in protecting workers' rights. One of the key challenges raised was the persistent gap between existing legal protection and its implementation. While labor laws provide safeguards for workers, enforcement often remains inconsistent. The gap is particularly visible in relation to vulnerable groups, including women and persons with disabilities (PWDs).

Occupational safety and health standards were also identified as an area requiring greater attention and stronger monitoring mechanisms. Union representatives shared concerns about unsafe conditions in sectors such as agriculture, construction, and manufacturing. Issues ranged from chemical exposure on flower farms to prolonged hours standing in textile factories and unsafe scaffolding in construction sites. Union representatives emphasized the need for stronger monitoring mechanisms, risk assessments, and workplace training to ensure safety and compliance.

Challenges in collective bargaining and union organization were also discussed. While the right to organize exists in law, workers often face obstacles, including employer reluctance to recognize unions, lack of safety officers, and fear of retaliation for raising grievances.

The consultation emphasized that building a sustainable business environment requires practical enforcement, effective oversight, and accountability. The inputs from this consultation will guide the NAP in strengthening enforcement mechanisms, establishing clearer grievance systems, and providing targeted support for vulnerable workers.

CETU president Ato Kasahun Folo concluded by emphasizing the importance of continued social dialogue in building a sustainable framework for Human Rights and Business. Human rights at work are not optional; they are the cornerstone of fairness, safety, and dignity.